Samanthah

Samanthah LeArNiNg AcTiViTy 12!

1a. Invasive is a technique that involves opening up and/or entering the brain with an instrument. Non-invasive is a technique that does not involve opening up and/or entering the brain with instruments. 1b. 2. An intact brain is one that has not been tampered with in anyway. It has not had surgery and is practically. 3. the wada test is procedure involving anaesthetization of one cerebral hemisphere to determine which hemisphere controls the speech in a person. It can be used to study specialization because it can show what hemisphere control what in an individual. 4. tachistoscope procedure is a technique using a tachistoscope to quickly project information to one hemisphere in order to investigate hemispheric specialization. 8 . brain plasticity is the brain capacity for an entire function to relocate to the opposite hemisphere if injury, disease or surgery destroys the part of the hemisphere where the function is primarily located.

Psychology Essay. VISUAL PERCEPTION PRINCIPLES!

Visual perception principles are rules that organize and interpret visual stimuli. Visual perception can be defined into three broad categories. These are gestalt principles, depth principles and perceptual constancies. Gestalt principles describe how we organize our sensations into perceptions and how we organize individual parts into whole, or a complete form. There is four gestalt principles used in visual perception. The first one to be discuss is the figure-ground principle. This is where important aspects of are stimulus are separated from other parts of the image. The parts that are seen as the ‘figure’ and the background is ‘ground’ for example, when looking at a photo of a person, you would look more at the face rather then what is in the background. The person would be the figure and the background such as a wall or the sky would be the ground. Figure ground is generally used in things such as road signs and other signs. The important parts stand out more and are more clearly perceived. Another gestalt principle is closure. This is when a person mentally closes up or fills in gaps to see pictures as complete. Some examples would be logos or cartoons where we quite see that the lines are not connected but we mentally join them and see the image as a whole. Similarity is another Gestalt Principle. This is the ability to perceive visual stimuli that have similar features, same color or shape etc as being a group or whole. For example, work uniforms, such as McDonalds or KFC, most employees have the same uniform so you would automatically perceive them as a group. Proximity is the last Gestalt principle. This is purposing that things that are close to each other tend to be perceived as belonging together. Such as letters to form words and circles on a drawing of a fish to makes scales. ;P or (the man on the horse) Depth perception/cues are sources of information from the environment or from within our body that help us perceive how far away objects are. There are binocular depth cues, which involve the use of both eyes. They are mainly important in determining the distance of objects that are quite close. Retinal disparity is a binocular depth cue, which refers to the slight difference of images on the retina of each eye. This cue is only really relevant to the looking at of images within 10 metres. Any further then that and the images on both retinas is barely different. Convergence is another binocular depth cue. This depth cue involves the inward turning of both eyes to focus on a nearby object. The eyes turn inward when the image is placed real close to allow the fovea to have a straight line with the object. The closer you get to an image the more your eyes will turn inwards to make the image clearer. Monocular depth cues require the use of only one eye. Most depth cues are monocular so daily vision can still be performed if injury or damaged is served to one eye. Accommodation, and pictorial cues such as linear perspective, interposition, texture gradients, relative size and height in the visual field. These are mainly used to create depth and distance in art. Accommodation is the change in shape of the lens in the eye when focusing on an object. The lens bulges when looking at an object close by, and elongates when focusing on something farther away. The ciliary muscles contract to enable the change in shape of the lens. The first pictorial cue is linear perspective. This is the apparent “coming together” of two lines. Like when looking on a road it looks like the road comes to a point, although we know it doesn’t. this is a commonly used pictorial cue in many artworks. Interposition or also known as overlap, occurs when one object is partially infront of another. The object that is partially covered is seen as being further away. It is one of the most common used pictorial cues. The pictorial cue texture gradient is used to show distance. When we look at pavers or bricks that are close by we see the grooves and the lines between each. As we look further away the lines become more discrete and the bricks or pavers look like a whole. Objects with fine detail that is clear is perceived as being close and objects that lack detail perceived as being far away. Relative size is the tendency to perceive the object that produces the largest retinal image as being closer to us, and the object with the smallest retinal image as being further away. And last is height in the visual field. This refers to the closer the object is to the horizon the further away it is perceived.

Good essay Sam, you need to include information on constancy principles.